利胆软坚方降脂减肥作用及其对胆汁酸代谢轮廓谱的影响

目的:基于肥胖“从胆论治”的学术观点,研究利胆软坚方对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥作用及其对血清胆汁酸轮廓谱的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:42只大鼠高脂饲料喂养9周建立肥胖大鼠模型,取24只造模成功大鼠随机分为模型组、利胆软坚方高、低剂量组(30,15 g·kg^-1),每组8只,另取8只正常大鼠作为正常组,模型组和正常组给予生理盐水,给药组给予相应剂量药物,灌胃4周。测定大鼠体质量、肝脏质量、脂肪质量等肥胖指标;胆管插管术引流监测2 h内胆汁流量;全自动生化仪测定血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平;超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定大鼠血清胆汁酸代谢轮廓谱中各胆汁酸的含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组体质量、肝脏质量、脂肪质量均显著升高(P<0.01),血清TC,TG,LDL-C水平明显上升(P<0.05,P<0.01),2 h内胆汁总分泌量及各测试点胆汁流量均降低,初级胆汁酸占比明显下降(P<0.05),血清总胆汁酸含量显著降低(P<0.01),血清胆汁酸轮廓谱中胆酸(CA),脱氧胆酸(DCA),鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA),猪去氧胆酸(HDCA),牛磺胆酸(TCA),牛磺去氧胆酸(TDCA),牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(TCDCA),牛磺猪去氧胆酸(THDCA),甘氨去氧胆酸(GDCA)含量明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,利胆软坚方高、低剂量组体质量、肝脏质量明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),利胆软坚方高剂量组血清TC,TG,LDL-C水平明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),低剂量组TG水平明显下降(P<0.05),高剂量组在给药后1~1.5 h胆汁流量明显增加(P<0.05),高、低剂量组初级胆汁酸占比明显升高(P<0.05),利胆软坚方高剂量组TCA,DCA,甘氨胆酸(GCA),GDCA水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),低剂量组仅TCA,TCDCA水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:利胆软坚方具有降脂减肥作用,其机制可能与其增加胆汁分泌量,增加初级胆汁酸合成及调节胆汁酸轮廓谱有关。     

5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic activity in patient-derived cholangiocarcinoma organoids

BackgroundAccurate diagnosis of the disease extension of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is often difficult in clinical practice. The diagnostic yield of conventional pre-operative imaging or endoscopic procedures is sometimes insufficient for the evaluation of longitudinal spreading of CCA. Here we investigated the usefulness of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for the pre- or intra-operative diagnosis of CCA, using patient-derived organoids.MethodsFour CCA- and two adjacent tissue-derived organoids were established. After 5-ALA treatment, we assessed their photodynamic activity using fluorescence microscopy.ResultsCCA organoids established from different patients showed diverse morphology in contrast to monolayer structures of non-tumor organoids, and had the ability to form subcutaneous tumors in immunodeficient mice. CCA organoids demonstrated remarkably high photodynamic activity based on higher accumulation of protoporphyrin IX as a metabolite of 5-ALA compared to non-tumor organoids (40–71% vs. < 4%, respectively). Importantly, cancer cell-specific high photodynamic activity distinguished the organoids originated from biliary stenotic lesions from those of non-stenotic lesions in a CCA patient. The high photodynamic activity did not depend on the expression profile of heme biosynthesis genes.ConclusionsDistinct 5-ALA-based photodynamic activity could have diagnostic potential for the discrimination of CCA from non-tumor tissues.     

维生素B12和叶酸干预对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的观察叶酸和维生素B12对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响。方法 80例绝经后骨质疏松症妇女参加研究。所有参与者随机接受叶酸和维生素B12(n=40)或安慰剂(n=40)治疗。在干预前的基线及干预后3个月和6个月,测量两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物的水平。结果治疗前,两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者同型半胱氨酸均下降,但比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。6个月后各组间血清维生素B12、骨钙素、CTX的变化均有显著改变且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松症妇女补充叶酸和维生素B12可以一定程度改善同型半胱氨酸及骨代谢指标水平。     

中药复方灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎临床疗效Meta分析

[目的] 系统评价中药复方灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎（UC）随机对照试验（RCT）的临床疗效及安全性。[方法] 两位研究者独立系统检索中药复方灌肠治疗UC的全部临床RCT中英文文献。数据库包括：中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网知识发现网络平台（CNKI）、重庆维普科技数据库（VIP）和万方数据知识数据库（Wanfang Database）、Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane电子期刊全文数据库，检索时间均从建库至2019年2月9日。两位研究者独立提取资料，如遇分歧，请求第三方协助解决。同时使用Review Manager 5.3及Stata15.0软件进行本研究的数据处理。[结果] 最终共纳入17篇文献，共计1 597例UC患者。中药复方灌肠治疗UC的临床总有效率优于对照组[I²=0%，RR=1.31，95%CI（1.25，1.37），P<0.000 01]，亚组分析显示，中药复方灌肠较氨基水杨酸类溶液灌肠[I²=0%，RR=1.31，95%CI（1.24，1.38），P<0.000 01]或栓剂纳肛[I²=16%，RR=1.32，95%CI（1.16，1.51），P<0.000 1]或柳氮磺胺吡啶（SASP）灌肠[I²=0%，RR=1.29，95%CI（1.23，1.36），P<0.000 01]或美沙拉嗪灌肠[I²=4%，RR=1.37，95%CI（1.22，1.54），P<0.000 01]都有较好的疗效；中药复方灌肠改善中医症状积分优于对照组[I²=23%，MD=-1.42，95%CI（-2.38，-0.46），P=0.004]；中药复方灌肠改善肠黏膜积分优于对照组[I²=0%，MD=-0.29，95%CI（-0.50，-0.07），P=0.01]；中药复方灌肠改善Mayo积分优于对照组[I²=89%，MD=-2.50，95%CI（-4.25，-0.75），P=0.005]；中药复方灌肠的不良反应发生率较对照组无明显差异[I²=59%，RR=0.41，95%CI=（0.05，3.29），P=0.40]。亚组分析显示，中药复方灌肠不良反应发生率较美沙拉嗪栓纳肛[I²=0%，RR=0.14，95%CI（0.02，1.11），P=0.06]或SASP灌肠[I²=82%，RR=1.20，95%CI（0.02，77.88），P=0.93]皆无明显差异；中药复方灌肠治疗UC的复发率较对照组更低[I²=0%，RR=0.34，95%CI（0.16，0.72），P=0.005]。[结论] 中药复方灌肠治疗UC较氨基水杨酸类药物的临床疗效更佳且安全性更高。     

MRI characteristics of MOG-Ab associated disease in adults: An update

Our knowledge of the radiological spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is growing rapidly. An update on the radiological features of the disease, and its evolution is thus necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of MOGAD particularly from aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Differentiating these conditions is of prime importance because the management is different between the three inflammatory diseases, and thus could prevent further attack-related disability. Therefore, identifying the MRI features suggestive of MOGAD has diagnostic and prognostic implications. We herein review optic nerve, spinal cord and the brain MRI findings from MOGAD adult patients, and compare them to AQP4-NMOSD and MS.     

Abordaje facial global del paciente estético: protocolo Skin Age Management

Aesthetic dermatology includes many minimally invasive therapies that can help our patients age gracefully and discreetly. Because it is hard to systematize these treatments to make patients aware of the options they have for the area of the face they want to improve, at Clínica Dermatológica Internacional, we have developed the Skin Age Management (SAM) protocol. In this article, we describe the protocol, which is aimed at helping doctors and patients to better understand and plan available treatments, underlining the advisability of combining techniques with the goal of achieving discreet changes to obtain what we consider to be optimum results, based on our experience at our center.     

脑脊液降钙素原及乳酸测定在早期诊断颅脑术后颅内感染的意义

目的研究降钙素原(PCT)及乳酸水平在早期诊断颅脑术后颅内感染的意义。方法颅脑术后颅内感染患者(n=20)和非颅内感染患者(n=20)的脑脊液和血液样本,检测脑脊液和血清PCT,脑脊液和血液乳酸水平等指标并进行统计分析。结果感染组脑脊液和血清PCT、乳酸水平较非感染组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑脊液PCT和乳酸水平诊断敏感性及特异性均较血清PCT和乳酸水平高。结论脑脊液PCT、乳酸在颅脑手术术后颅内感染的诊断中均有意义,其中脑脊液PCT较乳酸敏感性更高,临床应用价值更大。     

Melatonin safeguards against fatty liver by antagonizing TRAFs‐mediated ASK1 deubiquitination and stabilization in a β‐arrestin‐1 dependent manner

Melatonin has been previously shown to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identified a previously unknown regulatory action of melatonin on apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Although melatonin administration did not alter food intake, it significantly alleviated fatty liver phenotypes, including the body weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD mouse model (in vivo). The protection of melatonin against NAFLD was not affected by inactivation of Kupffer cell in this model. In NAFLD mice liver, ASK1 signal cascade was substantially activated, evidence by the enhancement of total ASK1, phospho‐ASK1, phospho‐MKK3/6, phospho‐p38, phospho‐MKK4/7, and phospho‐JNK. Melatonin treatment significantly suppressed the ASK1 upregulation and the phosphorylation of ASK1, MKK3/6, MKK4/7, p38, and JNK. Mechanistically, we found that lipid stress triggered the interaction between ASK1 and TNF receptor‐associated factors (TRAFs), including TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF6, which resulted in ASK1 deubiquitination and thereby increased ASK1 protein stability. Melatonin did not alter ASK1 mRNA level; however, it activated a scaffold protein β‐arrestin‐1 and enabled it to bind to ASK1, which antagonized the TRAFs‐mediated ASK1 deubiquitination, and thus reduced ASK1 protein stability. Consistent with these findings, knockout of β‐arrestin‐1 in mice partly abolished the protection of melatonin against NAFLD. Taken together, our results for the first time demonstrate that melatonin safeguards against NAFLD by eliminating ASK1 activation via inhibiting TRAFs‐mediated ASK1 deubiquitination and stabilization in a β‐arrestin‐1 dependent manner.